Looking to make a decision that will positively impact your organization and your people? Consider leaning into pre-tax benefits, which helps both parties benefit from tax savings and, ideally, a stronger and healthier working environment.
Below we discuss the ins and outs of pre-tax benefits, including what they are, types pre-tax deductions and contributions, and how implementing a robust program benefits everyone.
What are Pre-Tax Benefits?
Pre-tax benefits are employee perks deducted from gross pay before taxes are calculated. They benefit both employees and employers; deductions lower an employee’s taxable income (hello, significant tax savings) and reduce an employer’s taxable wages (AKA reduced payroll tax obligations).
Common examples of pre-tax benefits include:
- Health insurance premiums: Employees can pay for health, dental, and vision premiums with pre-tax dollars.
- Flexible Spending Accounts (FSAs): FSAs allow employees to set aside pre-tax dollars for eligible medical and dependent care expenses.
- Health Savings Accounts (HSAs): For those enrolled in a high-deductible health plan, HSAs offer a triple tax advantage—contributions, earnings, and withdrawals for qualified expenses are all tax-free.
- Retirement contributions: Contributions to traditional 401(k) or 403(b) plans are made pre-tax, reducing current taxable income while saving for the future.
- Commuter benefits: Transit benefits can cover public transportation, parking, or ride-sharing costs, all on a pre-tax basis.
What are Pre-Tax Deductions and Contributions?
Pre-tax deductions and contributions are amounts taken out of an employee’s paycheck before taxes are applied. These funds are allocated to specific benefit programs, which reduces the employee’s taxable income and, ultimately, their tax liability.
Pre-Tax Deductions
Pre-tax deductions typically cover expenses like health insurance premiums, FSAs, and commuter benefits. These amounts are subtracted from gross pay, lowering the income subject to federal income tax, Social Security, and Medicare taxes.
Example: If an employee earns $50,000 annually and contributes $2,000 to a health insurance plan, their taxable income drops to $48,000. This reduction can lead to significant tax savings over time.
Pre-Tax Contributions
Pre-tax contributions, on the other hand, are funds directed toward long-term savings, such as retirement plans. Contributions to accounts like traditional 401(k) or 403(b) plans are made before taxes, enabling employees to save for the future while decreasing their current tax burden.
Example: If an employee contributes $5,000 to a 401(k), their taxable income is reduced by the same amount. They won’t pay taxes on these contributions until they withdraw the funds in retirement, often at a lower tax rate.
Employer Match Contributions
While employer-matching contributions to retirement plans are not pre-tax for employees, they represent a valuable addition to total compensation. These contributions grow tax-deferred, further enhancing the benefits of pre-tax savings.
TIP: Employer contributions enhance your company’s benefits program. If you’re focused on creating a better employee experience and attracting and retaining talent, improving your benefits is a must – and the data proves it. One in three people would forgo a pay increase in return for more benefits for themselves and their families, a true testament to how important a solid benefits policy is today.
Types of Pre-Tax Deductions
Pre-tax deductions come in several forms, each designed to cover specific expenses while providing tax savings for both employers and employees. This variety is good news for small businesses, who may not be able to offer robust employer contributions but still want to invest in their people’s financial wellness.
Below are the most common pre-tax deductions, including key requirements for each.
Health Insurance Premiums
Employees can pay for health, dental, and vision insurance premiums on a pre-tax basis, reducing their taxable income.
Requirements:
- Employers must offer a Section 125 Cafeteria Plan to allow pre-tax premium deductions.
- The insurance plan must meet federal and state regulations, including coverage requirements under the Affordable Care Act (ACA).
Flexible Spending Accounts (FSAs)
FSAs allow employees to set aside pre-tax dollars for eligible healthcare or dependent care expenses. These accounts help cover costs such as copays, prescriptions, childcare, and elder care.
Requirements:
- FSAs must be offered through a Section 125 Cafeteria Plan.
- The IRS sets annual contribution limits.
- Funds are typically “use it or lose it,” though some employers offer a grace period or carryover option.
Health Savings Accounts (HSAs)
HSAs are available to employees enrolled in a high-deductible health plan (HDHP). Contributions are pre-tax and can be used for qualified medical expenses, with unused funds rolling over from year to year.
Requirements:
- Employees must be enrolled in an HSA-eligible HDHP.
- The IRS sets annual contribution limits.
- Employers may contribute to employees’ HSAs, but total contributions cannot exceed the IRS limits.
Commuter Benefits
These deductions cover transportation expenses, including public transit, ride-sharing, and parking, all on a pre-tax basis.
Requirements:
- Must comply with IRS rules under Section 132(f).
- Monthly contribution limits are set by the IRS.
- Eligible expenses vary by jurisdiction, so employers must comply with local regulations (such as those in New York or San Francisco).
Dependent Care Assistance Programs (DCAPs)
Also known as Dependent Care FSAs, DCAPs allow employees to use pre-tax dollars to pay for dependent care expenses, such as daycare or after-school programs.
Requirements:
- Must be offered through a Section 125 Cafeteria Plan.
- The IRS sets annual contribution limits.
- Eligible dependents include children under 13 or other dependents who cannot care for themselves.
Retirement Plan Contributions
Pre-tax retirement contributions allow employees to save for the future while reducing their current taxable income. Common plans include 401(k), 403(b), and SIMPLE IRA.
Requirements:
- Contributions must be made to a qualified retirement plan offered by the employer.
- The IRS sets annual contribution limits.
- Contributions are tax-deferred, meaning employees pay taxes on withdrawals in retirement.
- Employers may offer matching contributions, which grow tax-deferred but are not pre-tax for employees.
How Pre-Tax Deductions Can Benefit Employers
Offering pre-tax deductions is a perk for employees and a smart financial strategy for employers, too. By implementing pre-tax benefit programs, companies can reduce their payroll tax liabilities, improve employee satisfaction, and gain a competitive edge in talent acquisition.
Lower Payroll Taxes
When employees participate in pre-tax benefit programs, their taxable income decreases. This reduction in taxable wages also lowers the employer’s share of payroll taxes, including Social Security, Medicare, and federal unemployment taxes.
According to the IRS, employers save approximately 7.65% on Social Security and Medicare taxes (also known as FICA tax) for every dollar contributed to a pre-tax program. For a company with 100 employees participating in pre-tax benefits, this can translate to thousands of dollars in annual savings.
Boost Employee Retention and Satisfaction
Bad news: Only 42% of U.S. employees report feeling financially well (an all-time low). Charles Lattimer, chief innovation and growth officer at FiinFit, explains why this statistic is alarming: “Financial stress not only hampers employee focus and efficiency, leading to increased absenteeism and accidents at work, but also exacerbates health concerns like mental disorders, diabetes and addictive behaviors.”
But there is a silver lining here: Now more than ever, employees highly value benefits that enhance their financial well-being. In fact, a 2024 study found that “benefits have become a de facto reflection of how valued workers feel by their employers,” and 73% of employees say they’d be motivated to stay at their company if they had better insurance options.
Translation? Offering pre-tax options like retirement plans, FSAs, and commuter benefits can improve employee job satisfaction, reduce turnover, and foster a loyal workforce. In a tight labor market, these benefits can set your company apart from competitors and signal to your people that you care about them, professionally and personally.
Improve Compliance and Streamline Payroll
Administering pre-tax benefit programs can also simplify payroll processing. Automated payroll systems easily account for pre-tax deductions, reducing errors and ensuring compliance with IRS regulations. This automation can save time and resources, especially for smaller businesses with limited administrative support.
Additionally, offering compliant pre-tax benefits reduces the risk of costly penalties. For example, failure to properly manage a Section 125 Cafeteria Plan can result in the loss of tax-advantaged status for both employers and employees. Luckily, payroll software takes care of compliance for you, which helps you meet deadlines and file accurate information.
Maximize Pre-Tax Benefits for a Stronger Organization
It’s clear that pre-tax health insurance options and benefits create a win-win for both employers and employees. For employers, offering these benefits helps attract and retain top talent while reducing payroll taxes. For employees, pre-tax deductions and contributions offset medical costs and help secure a more finaciall-well future. Ultimately, understanding your options as an organizational leader ensures you’ll make the best decision for your company – and one in which everyone can benefit.